DNA sequencing is the process of determining the exact sequence of nucleotides within a DNA molecule. It is used to identify genetic variations between individuals, to decipher the structure and function of genes, and to understand the evolutionary relationships between different species. The sequencing process begins with the extraction of DNA from a sample. It is then amplified, typically through the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The amplified DNA is then cut into fragments, which are sorted by size. These fragments are then sequenced using a variety of techniques, including Sanger sequencing and next-generation sequencing (NGS). In Sanger sequencing, the DNA fragments are separated into four different populations, each with a different fluorescent dye. The fragments are then run through a sequencing machine, which reads the sequence of each fragment. NGS is a more recent technique that allows for the simultaneous sequencing of hundreds of thousands of fragments at once. The fragments are first labeled with unique DNA barcodes and then sequenced in parallel. The data is then assembled into longer sequences, which are used to identify genetic variation. Whole genome sequencing is the most comprehensive form of DNA sequencing. It involves sequencing all of the DNA in an organism’s genome. This has become increasingly popular as the cost of sequencing has decreased, allowing for the study of entire genomes of both individuals and species. Whole genome sequencing is used to identify genetic diseases, to characterize the diversity of a species, and to understand the evolutionary relationships between different species.
Title : Circumventing challenges in developing CVD graphene on steels for extraordinary and durable corrosion resistance
Raman Singh, Monash University, Australia
Title : Evaluating cytotoxicity of metal-doped tin oxide nanoparticles
Paulo Cesar De Morais, Catholic University of Brasilia, Brazil
Title : Nanotechnology and polymers for sea and ocean sterilization using artificial intelligence with artificial intelligence-engineered nano-polymer membranes
Fadi Ibrahim Ahmed, Al-shujaa bin Al-aslam School, Kuwait
Title : Dual memory characteristics and crystallographic transformations in shape memory alloys
Osman Adiguzel, Firat University, Turkey
Title : Flexible fabric-based nanostructured color-generating film systems
Xinhua Ni, Guangzhou City University of Technology, China
Title : A broadband, angle-insensitive aluminium-based near infra-red absorber for protecting warfighters and sensitive optics technologies
Chayanika Baishya, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, India