Amino acid coated ultra-small nanoparticles as efficient antibiotics

Title : Amino acid coated ultra-small nanoparticles as efficient antibiotics

Abstract:

Over the years, natural and chemically synthesized antibiotics have been used to control infections resulting from community environments. Currently, there is a growing demand for the synthesis of nanomaterials that would replace widely applied antibiotics due to their antimicrobial properties. Available reports show that metal nanoparticles (NPs) such as Ag, Au, Cu, Zn, Si and metal oxide nanoparticles including TiO_2-x, ZnO, CuO, Cu₂O, Co₃O₄, MgO, ZrO₂, Ni₂O₃ or normal spinel structure ferrites [M²⁺][Fe³⁺]O₄ where M²⁺ is the metal ion as Zn²⁺, Mn²⁺, Cu²⁺, Co²⁺ were identified to exhibit antimicrobial activity against multi-drug resistance pathogens. The molecular mechanisms for antibacterial effect of nanoparticles are still being investigated, but there are two more popular proposed possibilities in this regard: (a), free metal ion toxicity arising from dissolution of the metals from the surface of nanoparticles and (b), oxidative stress via generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) on the surfaces of nanoparticles. We also suspect that this effect could be attributed to amino acid-induced generation of negative curvature at the surface of membrane due to a specific interaction, where the cationic amine groups induce negative curvature wrapping of anionic membranes leading to micellization/vesiculation and disrupt of membrane integrity causing the thinning of membranes. Identifying previously published papers of our research group, we have synthesized quite different antimicrobial agents such as ultra-small gold NPs and nanoclusters; electrochemically deposited Ag NPs in nanoporous alumina matrix; black nanostructured Cu₂O and CuO films on copper substrate; rutile/Cu₂O or anatase nanotubed–Cu₂O heterostructures; different size cobalt ferrite CoFe₂O₄ NPs or Fe-substituted cobalt ferrite NPs. The influence of stabilizing shell of superparamagnetic cobalt ferrite NPs on the antimicrobial efficacy were also studied. The antibacterial activities of these nanomaterials were tested in vitro against eukaryotic Saccharomyces cerevisiaea, Aspergillus versicolor, Candida parapsilosis, Candida krusei, Aspergillus fumigatus, Geotrichum candidum microorganisms, gram-negative Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Acinetobacter baumannii, Salmonella enterica and gram-positive Micrococcus luteus, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus bacteria.

Audience take away:

• New antimicrobial materials and methods will be discussed in this conference.
• The possible antimicrobial mechanism will be presented in this conference.
• The new ideas about most dangerous antibiotic-resistance bacteria inactivation will be delivered in this conference.

Biography:

Mr. Rokas Žalnėravičius received his B degree in Bioengineering at Vilnius Gediminas technical university in 2013 and Magna cum laude M degree in Chemistry of nanomaterials at Vilnius university in 2015. In 2017, he received Theodor Grotthuss memorial stipend for the academic achievement. He is currently pursuing his PhD degree at the Center for physical sciences and technology, Department of electrochemical material sciences, Laboratory of nanostructures in Vilnius, Lithuania. His research interest include antimicrobial surfaces and materials, catalysis, nanomaterials and 2D nano-composites for sensing applications.